Why must vertical and horizontal offsets be avoided in the waste stack?

Vertical and horizontal offsets in the waste stack should be avoided primarily to ensure proper drainage. When a waste stack has offsets, it can create areas where waste water can pool, leading to blockage or slow drainage. Properly aligned waste stacks allow for the gravity flow of waste, supporting efficient drainage and minimizing the possibility of clogs or backflow.

Maintaining a straight path through the waste stack helps to facilitate the swift movement of waste, which is crucial in plumbing systems. This ensures that the plumbing functions effectively and prevents issues such as standing water or the buildup of sewage gas. By adhering to the principle of avoiding offsets, plumbers can optimize the waste stack's performance and enhance the overall efficacy of the plumbing system.